Facet joint interventions are procedures used to diagnose and treat pain arising from the facet joints in the spine. Facet joints are small joints located between each vertebra in the spine, providing stability and allowing for movement.
There are several types of facet joint intervention procedures, including:
1. Facet Joint Injections (FJI):
This procedure involves injecting a local anesthetic and possibly a steroid medication into the facet joint.
It aims to reduce inflammation and provide pain relief.
FJIs can be used for diagnostic purposes (to confirm that the facet joint is the source of pain) as well as
therapeutic (to alleviate pain).
2. Medial Branch Blocks (MBB):
The medial branches are small nerves that transmit pain signals from the facet joints to the brain.
In a medial branch block, a local anesthetic is injected near these nerves to temporarily block pain signals.
This procedure is often used as a diagnostic tool to confirm if the facet joint is the source of pain.
3. Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA):
Also known as radiofrequency neurotomy or rhizotomy.
This procedure involves using heat generated by radiofrequency waves to damage the nerves responsible for transmitting pain signals from the facet joints.
It provides longer-lasting pain relief compared to injections.
RFA is often performed after a positive response to medial branch blocks.
4. Facet Joint Cooled Radiofrequency Neurotomy:
A newer technique where cooled radiofrequency energy is used to target the nerves supplying the facet joints.
This method is believed to be more precise and may offer longer-lasting pain relief.
These procedures are typically performed by pain management specialists, under fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance to ensure accurate placement of the needles.
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